منابع مشابه
'Patent' Medicines, the Public, and the Doctor
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“It is hard to think of many industries that have contributed as much to human welfare as the pharmaceutical industry.” This statement was made not by a pharmaceutical industry chief executive officer but by two antitrust regulators, Roy Levy and Abraham Wickelgren, with the Federal Trade Commission.1 There is indeed evidence from the medical and economics literature that new drugs have played ...
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For many years European governments have sought to ensure a high degree of competition in off-patent pharmaceutical markets in order to generate price competition and consequently benefits such as improved patient access or savings for payers after patent expiry. The pharmaceutical industry believes that access to valuable new treatments and post-exclusivity competition are essential for the su...
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Recent WHO guidelines for antiretroviral therapy recommend switching to less toxic, but more expensive medicines for first-line and second-line ART, raising questions about the financial sustainability of many AIDS treatment programmes. At the same time, many key generic producing countries such as India now grant pharmaceutical product patents so competition between multiple manufacturers will...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 1994
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/367108b0